Why Finches Turn Red, and Other Interesting Animal Dating Facts

A male house finch and a male western bluebird just as mating season was kicking in.

A male house finch and a male western bluebird just as mating season was kicking in.

Spring is half-way through and many animals have already had their first batch of young; some are working on their second.  Perhaps you noticed when some of the house finches turned a bright shade of red?  In fact, many male animals look much differently than the females, becoming more brightly colored, larger, darker, or grow larger horns or antlers.  This phenomena is called sexual dimorphism.  This is a complicated topic when you begin to analyze all the different forms and shapes boys and girls of the animal kingdom take in order to keep their gene pool going.  However I’m going to simplify it because it is pretty darn interesting.

Consider an animal; lets take a house finch.  Their lives are spent finding food, finding a mate, finding lots more food for themselves and their young, and surviving predation, accidents and weather.  There isn’t much time for playing around.  The dawn chorus is the birds calling out that they survived another 24 hours and where is everyone else?

Consider animal calories as money.  Finding food and surviving costs a lot of money/calories.  For a male house finch to impress a female, they want to make sure they convey the message that they are better at finding food and more macho than the other males.  This trait is essentially true for all polygamous (don’t mate for life) animals. (Let that be a lesson learned, girls!)   In flocks or packs or herds that are open and often on the move, guys show their wealth through coloration, size and ornamentation. It takes more calories for the finch to turn colors, just like it takes lots of calories for peacocks to be larger and gaudier than females, or cape buffalo to be darker, or ungulates to grow really large horns.  But why a brighter shade of red?  The bright colors and larger size (in part) show that these males aren’t afraid of attracting the attention of predators because they are strong and macho enough to survive an attack.  The darker the color, the more calories, the more fit and healthy, and thus the better food-gatherer and protector for the brood. The guys are saying, “Bring it on!”

Mallard drakes are very colorful compared to the ducks.

Mallard drakes are very colorful compared to the ducks.

Females of these sexual dimorphic species are given a hard rap by being called dull-colored.  What they are, of course, are smartly colored.  They are camouflage to fit in with the area in which they will be nesting.  They are thinking ahead.  They don’t go in for dramatic courtship dances because they don’t have to: the guys are desperate for a healthy female to be attracted to them so that they can pass on their genes. It is a buyer’s market.  Females also need to store calories because creating eggs or gestating and giving birth then feeding/producing milk and raising kids to maturity is very expensive.  Isn’t it, though?

In closed herds or with animals who are monogamous (crows, for instance), the males don’t need to spend money on dates, so dressing up is just considered a waste of money/calories.  (Does that sound familiar?).

As I mentioned, there are many variations on the whole sex thing, such as species where the females are larger than the males.  Many spiders have this trait and it is supposed that in species who are solitary the females need to be large to be seen by the males, or to have the strength to carry young with them and feed them, and all the males need to spend calories on is, well, you know.  Slam, bam, good-bye Ma’am, and all that.  Until, of course, he is eaten by the female Black Widow spider.  Or is murdered by the female worker bees.  So it goes.

When you look out the window and see a brightly colored finch, or a large dark western fence lizard doing push-ups on a warm rock, or see deer with tremendous antlers (deer’s antler are shed every year, by the way. Antelopes have horns which are a one-time shot), you can appreciate how expensive it is for that male to put on such a show to attract a mate.

That pretty much is why we overspend on dates, too.

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Protecting the Little Guys… and a little about diatomaceous earth

Current tomato seedlings

Current tomato seedlings

When transplanting little plants out into the big garden it feels like sending your child off to their first day at Kindergarten.  All kinds of things can happen to them in the big world.  For children… that’s too large a topic for me (Kindergarten mother survivor here).  For plants I can give you some advice.

Besides watering too much or too little, and root disturbance while transplanting, little guys can be eaten by bugs, birds or other animals, or simply get lost and overlooked.  (Here is a container growing tip: as your seedlings sprout and grow, gently pass your hand across them every time you are with them.  It will make for stronger stems.) (And its fun!)(And you can pretend you’re ruffling their hair and say things like, “Hi, Sonny.”  Or not.)

Celery sown in a flat.  Don't let the small top size fool you.

Celery sown in a flat. Don’t let the small top size fool you.

A day before transplanting out of a container or from a nursery bed, water the sprouts well.  If they’ve been in containers for awhile those roots may be going in circles and the water can’t  penetrate from the top very well.  If that is the case, put the pots in water for half an hour until moisture is wicked into the pot thoroughly, then allow to drain.  I say to do this the day before because if you water just before planting the soil around your root ball will fall apart, breaking fine hair roots and shocking your poor little guy.  Some plants hate their roots being touched so much that this would kill them.  By the next day after watering the container will still be moist, but the soil should be solid enough to stick together when tipped out.

That same celery plant...roots five inches long!

That same celery plant…roots five inches long!

Dig a hole twice as wide and twice as deep as your plant, then backfill with a mixture of good compost and the soil from the hole.  This will help acclimate the roots to the soil change.  Water the hole, and if you’re really industrious water with compost tea.  Set your plant into the hole and firmly press the soil around the plant.  If you are planting tomatoes, eggplant or peppers (all in the same family) you can set the plant more deeply into the hole; they will form more roots from the stems and become sturdier.  The rule of thumb otherwise is to plant so that the soil level of the hole is the same as that of the transplant; many plants will rot if soil is up against their stem.  If it is too low, the roots will be exposed and dry out.  Potatoes can be trenches and hilled up as they grow, or maybe you will try trashcan or crate potatoes.  If you live in an arid area, plant in shallows so that rain can accumulate around the plant.  If you live in a wet area, plant on hills so water can drain off.  Or if you’re practicing permaculture, plant on the swales!

So your little guy is in the ground and gently tamped in.  To keep off the birds and bunnies and mice and rats and whatever else is looking for dinner, I use plastic berry cartons turned over and set in place with sticks or with rocks on top.  Reuse and repurpose!  They are also good for protecting figs . The cartons allow enough sun in, and also makes it very obvious where the seedling is so that you don’t step on it, or weed the little tomatoes out with the almost identical ragweed sprouts.  For larger plants, turn over a milk crate.

Chard and eggplant with cool hats on.

Chard and eggplant with cool hats on.

I have no native quail in my yard.  Due to nearby houseing developments, there aren’t many quail around me anymore.  Quail would fill the niche of beetle and sowbug eaters.  My hens want only worms, spoiled things, and their big feet do a lot of damage if not watched.

Nothing like a dirt bath on a warm day.

Madge and Chickpea: Nothing like a dirt bath on a warm day.

Sowbugs cluster under mulch and do damage to stems and fruit.

Sowbugs waiting for strawberries to nibble.

Sowbugs waiting for strawberries to nibble.

I use a little food-grade diatomaceous earth around the seedlings, new sprouts in the garden, around the strawberry plants, and also around plants such as artichoke, corn and chard where ants have begun to farm aphids.

Ants farming aphids on chard.

Ants farming aphids on chard.

I use it around the trunks of my stonefruit trees to stop the ants, and have been told that it works well around the legs of beehives in lieu of or in combination with cups of oil to keep out the ants.  Diatomaceous earth is the finely ground bodies of ancient sea creatures (diatoms).  The powder on a microscopic level is full of sharp edges.

Aphids on chard.

Aphids on chard.

When a sectioned insect such as an ant, flea or sowbug crawls on it, it rasps their tender areas  and dessicates them.  Not something I really am happy about doing to the bugs. I’m only using it on a very small scale.  Remember that any insecticide, even DE, kills many kinds of insects not just the targets.  You don’t want to eradicate your insects; most of them are helping your plants and your soil. DE will melt into the soil when watered, but only reapply if you still see the target bugs.  The problem might already be taken care of.

A sprout, a squeeze and a hat.

A sprout, a squeeze and a hat.

Use food-grade DE, not the kind that is sold in pool supply stores.  FGDE is used in graineries to keep weevils and other bugs out of grain and beans, so you’ve been eating it for years without knowing it.  It doesn’t hurt us, nor is it bad to breathe (some people wear paper masks just in case).  It is a great, natural and inexpensive way to fight fleas without paying big money for poisons to put on your pet.  I have it all over my cats’ bedding.

They sell DE sprayers, but they become clogged.  The easiest and least expensive applicator (which can be repurposed)?  A condiment dispenser.  You know, the plastic mustard and ketchup squeeze bottles in diners.  I bought a set of two for $2.  You can practice a little to dispense a finer dust.

The plant guild into which I'm planting the little guys.

The plant guild into which I’m planting the little guys.

So I plant my little guys, give them a drink, squeeze a little DE around them, give them a berry basket hat until they outgrow it, then take it off to use elsewhere.  If there is still a threat to your plants from critters (somebody was eating my eggplant leaves last year!  I mean, really…ick!), then turn a wire gopher cage over the top or make a wire cage to fit and use sticks or landscape staples to fasten into the ground..  These, too, you can reuse yearly.

In this plant guild, the combination of other plants will also help hide the scent of the new little guy, until he turns into a full melon vine and takes over!

In this plant guild, the combination of other plants will also help hide the scent of the new little guy, until he turns into a full melon vine and takes over!

 

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At Least 78 Reasons Why You Shouldn’t ‘Clean Up’ Your Garden

The idea of cleaning up all the dead plants out of the garden in the Fall has been so drilled into us that it is almost second nature.  There are a certain amount of things to do in a garden in the Fall, but second-guessing nature’s usage of plants shouldn’t be one of them.  Leaving seedheads standing provides birds with something to eat when scavenging becomes difficult – and for a perch.  Not being so radical about cutting back or pulling out plants that don’t look as good as new may provide you with pleasant surprises.  For instance, last month I saw that  milkweed plants had been eaten down by Monarch butterfly larvae until there wasn’t a leaf on them.  The caterpillers were gone and there were a couple of the beautiful Monarch butterflies landing on the lantana and butterfly bush for a drink.  I left the plants, and sure enough, they produced more leaves.  Then this week, the week before Thanksgiving – so late in the season – I happened to look at the milkweed and saw that it was bare again.

A bare looking milkweed plant.

Then I took a closer look.

And then I stared.

One one milkweed plant there were well over fifty Monarch caterpillars, and on a smaller plant over twenty. 

They were hurrying to eat what they could. 

Many wouldn’t make it through metamorphosis this late in the season, but many will.

However I’ve since seen these beautiful creatures all over the yard looking for suitable places to fasten on to, to form their green and gold cases and try their luck at metamorphosing.  Perhaps there will be Monarchs in the yard at Christmastime. 

I’m glad that I’m a sloppy gardener.

 

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Native Planting

 

Milkweed and wildflowers are host to butterflies, and the garden is still full of them.

Today the forecast searing sun hid behind clouds all morning, making it a perfect Fall day for planting natives.  The area all along the northern property fenceline is dedicated to plants found in our San Diego coastal sage scrub habitat.  The dirt along this area is bad. It is sandy dirt over hard clay, a product of years of runoff flowing in from the neighbor’s yard.

The native California strip with dirt, not soil.

Last year coastal live oaks, cork oak and Engelmann oak were planted along this strip, and little else.  The soil was covered with sheaths of palm leaves, and they helped protect the soil and hold in some moisture, but there is little decomposition rate from them. The soil needed oak leaves.

A coating of oak leaves will help fire the soil; more leaves will be coming soon.

Last Monday Lori, a friend who is working here weekly did a tremendous job carefully raking back all the palm sheaths, then bagging oak leaves from the walkways around the massive old oak on the embankment and spreading them around between the new oaks.  There are plenty of leaves left for the health of the big oak; just the leaves on the slippery stairs were moved.  The oak leaves will decompose and provide the soil with the nutrients to host fungal action in the ground; the start of soil building.

Planting lemonade berry and sugarbush.

Today Jacob and I planted a number of lemonade berry, sugarbush and deerweed, as well as two replacement coastal live oaks.  I had purchased packets of seed mixes as well as several types of lupine (nitrogen fixer), making sure there was no alyssum, evening primrose or borage in the packets (they do very well on their own on the property!).

Take a lot of seed packets, empty them into a bucket, stir and voila! Diversity!

I also took some seedheads from a couple of non-native sunflowers and threw them into the mix.

Breaking up a sunflower for seeds.

In every damp spot from the subterranean irrigation we planted wildflower seeds.

The subterranean irrigation leaves damp spots on the soil, where I plant flower seeds. They’ll choke out future weeds as well.

We’ve had stunning results from this method for several seasons.  It is the middle of October and there are still flowers blooming, providing beauty and food for insects and birds.

Stands of wildflowers feed the insects and look wonderful.

Some herbs such as purple basil and parsley have come up late.

Purple basil showing up between the last of the squash vines. Either I use it or let it go to seed to feed insects and reseed itself.

California poppies that have died off are showing new leaf growth around the base of the plants.  So all-in-all a very successful day, thanks to the hard work of my helpers and the cooperation of the weather.  These native plant guilds of plants, mulch and flowers will all work towards turning that soil alive and begin the communication between the native plants that will make this habitat for native animals priceless.

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Compost Happens

Good rich soil that needs screening

Compost happens, whether you fool with it or not.  Given moisture, air circulation and the creatures that help decompose and you can compost anything.  Without these factors you have mummies.  Or zombies, but that is another discussion.  If you want to read about the many ways to compost without a heap, please read Fifty Ways to Leave Your Compost.

I am a lazy composter.  When I weed I usually throw what I pull up under the growing trees to quickly mulch down.  Excess weeds and branchy things I throw into a compost bin made of wire.  Rats and mice enjoy the structures.

Wire bins of weeds have been gradually settling over the months.

Kitchen scraps, paper towels, tissues, tea bags, paper cups and plates all go into a Rubbermaid compost bin I bought years ago.  I don’t turn the piles.  Compost happens, but it happens slowly.  A little kitchen waste goes into another bin to feed sorely neglected worms.

I am also composting in place.  A raised garden bed lined with wire to keep out gophers was empty, so I’ve been throwing in weeds and dirty chicken straw.  By next spring it should be ready to use.

In this bed I’ve been composting in place.

The Rubbermaid compost bin is in an inconvenient place.  I’d moved it in early spring and now I’m moving it again.  This doesn’t count as turning the pile, really, because the last time it sat in situ for years.  It had the best soil under it on the whole property.  Even without turning, and only over about six months, you can see that compost has been happening.

A lot of debris on top of the heap….

After I took the sides down, below the layer of debris there was about four inches of compost.

After about six months with no turning, there is great compost at the bottom

This I screen and then use in the raised vegetable beds.

My garden’s demand for compost is more urgent these days, and the amount of debris to compost is larger.  If I had a chipper or shredder, much of the debris would be composted in a short amount of time.  However I’m going into the regular compost bin operation.  I had a three-bin compost bin made out of old pallets.  I already had the green metal stakes to hold up the pallets, and three pallets to use.  Unfortunately they weren’t all the same shape or size, so the two wonderful men creating this for me, Jacob and Steve, went on a pallet hunt in their yards and came back with what was needed.

Wooden pallets make a great compost bin.

Debris and yet-to-be-collected-from-a-friend’s-house llama poo will be layered in the first chamber and watered.  As it decomposes it will be turned into the second bin, and the process begun again in the first.  Then each will be moved again and all three chambers will be filled with compost in three degrees of decomposition.  It should be easy to fill a wheelbarrow from the last chamber, screen it and deliver the rich compost to the base of the fruit trees and my raised veggie bed.  Meanwhile, weeds that have recently been gathered, especially ‘trouble’ weeds such as Bermuda grass, are stuffed in black plastic sacks and cooking in the sun until they can’t reproduce anymore, and then will be added to the heaps.  I don’t like using plastic, or contributing to the amount of plastic on the planet, but I am reusing and recylcing the bags.

Screening compost twice, once with smaller holes.

 

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Fall Morning

 

The birdwatching garden.

I use the kitchen table as a work center, but spend a lot of time not working.  That is because from the big dusty windowseat, through the spiderwebs that catch sunlight in the corners of the glass I watch a fairytale of animals.  Song sparrows with their formal stripes and classy single black breast spot hop along the uneven flagstone walkway.  The walkway, recently weeded, is again being compromised by sprouts.  The small pond wears a heavy scarf of peppermint along its north side, and a mixture of fescues and waterplants around the south.  A waterlily bravely floats pads on the still water after having been drastically thinned last month.  A calla lily opens partially white, partially green.

Below the window in a dish of seed set low for ground feeders are house finches, the males’ proud red fading like the leaves of the Japanese maple behind the green bench.  Lesser goldfinches skeletonize the leaves of sunflowers that have sprouted from birdseed; a nuthatch and a mountain chickadee take turns on the hanging suet feeder, both noisy and reminding me of pine forests.  A pair of crows who have lived near this garden for years, but who have been about other business during the summer, are reunited on the telephone line.  She grooms his feathers and he leans into her.  I’ll have to put treats out for them, to keep on their good side.  A Nutall’s woodpecker looks like a childhood toy by hopping straight up the big pine.   I grin a welcome to a couple of white crowned sparrows, the forefront of the migratory flock.  These spirited and chatty birds shuffle leaves onto my walkway every morning, and I quite happily sweep the leaves back for the next round.  It is a ritual just between us.  A young scrub jay swoops in with much show, seeing how big a reaction he can get from startling the smaller birds clustering at the feeders or taking warm dirtbaths. He lands on a small trellis and pecks out seeds from a sunflower I propped up after its yellow glory faded.  Finches visit when he leaves and take their share of this high protein food.

House finch nabbing sunflower seeds ( photo taken through a dirty window! Sorry!)

The outside water is turned off; I should be on my knees in mud down by the chicken coop right now fixing a break in the pipe but I am held here by the autumnal light. Even in the morning it slants at a kinder angle, bringing out the gold in the leaves. Later when the water resumes the dripper on the bird bath will start and sparrows, finches, towhees and random visitors will sip drinks and take cleansing baths.  One of my favorite sights is watching a group of finches taking turns in the bath, daring each other to stay longer and become wetter.  Their splashing sends a cascade of drops into the sunlight.  They give Finch Frolic its name.  Now the only visitors are honeybees taking water to hydrate their honey.  I emphathize with these bees.  Only the older females do the pollen gathering, carrying heavy loads in their leg sacks back to the hive until they die in flight.  A useful life, but a strenuous and unimaginative one.

Perhaps  today there will also be a house sparrow, or a common yellowthroat or a disagreeable California towhee, what everyone knows as a ’round headed brown bird’.  Or maybe the mockingbird will revisit the pyracantha berries, staking them out as his territory while finches steal them behind his back.  I hear the wrentit’s bouncey-ball call, but as they can throw their voices I usually don’t spot them.  Annas hummingbirds spend all their energy guarding the feeders, stopping to peer into the window to see if I’m a threat.  My black cat Rosie O’Grady stares back, slowly hunching, mouth twitching with a soft kecking sound as if she could hunt through a window. I see that the hanging tray of grape jelly needs to be taken in and washed because the orioles have all migrated. Rosie is given up by the hummingbird and instead she watches cat TV as the birds shuffle in the Mexican primrose below the window.

I don’t see either of the bunnies this morning, Primrose or Clover.  They live under the rosemary bush, and perhaps in the large pile of compost in the corner of the yard.  I’ve watched them nibble the invasive Bermuda grass, and pull down stalks of weedy sow thistle and eat the flowers and seeds.  They do no harm here, and are helping with the weeding; I love watching them lope around the pathways living in cautious peace.

Unseen by me by where I sit, mosquito fish, aquatic snails, dragonfly larvae, strange worms and small Pacific chorus frogs hang out in the pond and under the overhanging lips of flagstone I placed there just for them.   Under the plants are Western fence lizards big and small awaiting warmth from the sun to heat up the rocks so they may climb the highest stone in their territory and posture while the heat quickens their blood.  A mouse scurries between plants, capturing bits of birdseed scattered by the messy sparrows.  The soil is good here, full of worms and microbes and fungus.  Everything is full of life, if you only know how to look for it.  You can smell it.  You can feel it.

Now comes the spotted towhee, black headed with white patterns on his wings and reddish sides.  Once called the rufous-sided towhee, he is bold and handsome, his call a long brash too-weeet.  He sassily zig-zags down the narrow flagstone pathway looking for bugs.

Spotted Towhee grubbing in his fancy clothes, so bright after a molt.

I haven’t seen the rat family for a few days.  The four youngsters invade the hanging feeders, tossing each other off and being juvenile delinquents.  At night I hear the screech of a barn owl, which might be my answer.

The oxblood lilies – always a surprise during the dry and the heat of September, have almost all faded, but sprouts of paper white narcissus are beginning to break ground.  They are Fall flowers here, usually done by Thanksgiving.

It is Fall.  Finally.  The world of my garden is tired and ready for a rest from the heat, the mating, the child rearing, the dryness, the search for diminishing food, the hiding so as not to become food.  Although the days here are still in the high 80′s the evenings bring coolness and a much-needed dampness.  Rain won’t come until November or later.  But we wait for it, the animals, the plants and I.  And time passes as I sit at the table and watch.  I know of no better way to spend an autumn morning.

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What’s Happening in the July Garden

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Integrated Gardening

Wildflowers, tasty borage, milkweed for the Monarch butterflies, and herbs.

There are still those who prefer to have all their plants separate, each plant type confined to its own space.  Vegetables should definitely not be allowed in the flower garden; herbs may be there only if more ornamental than useful, but don’t ever mix desert, country cottage or rose gardens together.  That style of design is a matter of preference, and many gardens following those rules are very beautiful.  They are usually also high maintenance, heavily fertilized, watered and sprayed, with poison set out for rodents.

A breadseed poppy is emerging in the sage.

The blending of useful and ornamental plants is certainly not a new idea, and yet it isn’t often done.  When it is, gardeners should find that the loss rate of plants to pests is quite low, and the yield of the vegetables is high. 

Onions, native mallow, tarragon and sweet potatoes under a white fringe tree.

Why is this?  For one thing, planting mixed seeds which include ornamentals, herbs and vegetables masks the scent of the most yummy plants from its preditors.  There aren’t rows of the same type of plant for the insects to find.  Since different plants take up different nutrients from the soil, the soil isn’t depleted of one particular nutrient, so mixed plantings usually make for healthier and tastier plants.

My first tomatoes of the season, off of a volunteer along the pathway. Oh so yum!

 Wildflowers with cilantro, dill and basil not only are more successful and appealing to look at, but if let go to flower are excellent pollen sources for bees.

Young parsley, California poppy, cilantro and dill by rain lilies.

 Allowing desirable plants to reseed not only saves you money, but makes the new plant hardy and adapted for your particular garden.

Volunteers are welcome, such as this squash.

 Of course mixing plants is what an edible forest garden is all about, although the mixing isn’t random. Each plant serves a purpose.  I use fava beans as a great edible nitrogen-fixer, along with other beans, peas, sweet peas, lupine, and nitrogen-fixing trees and shrubs.  Artichokes grow quite large, and their leaves when cut and left on the ground make superb compost, as do the leaves of comfrey.  Artichoke leaves keep growing back, and the plant will produce many very yummy artichokes.  (Artichoke hint: wipe Vaseline around the stem below the bud to keep ants and earwigs from finding their way between the leaves.) 

Artichoke and fava beans beneath an apricot tree.

Melons and squash make an incredible ground cover during the hottest months.  Their large leaves shade the soil surface and block evaporation.  Remember that raccoons aren’t supposed to like going through squash vines, so plant them around your corn. 

Green melon and corn by a variegated lemon (Sophie the dog by the car).

Integrating your plants, especially when following the edible food forest guidelines, helps increase soil fertility (different plants remove different things from the soil).  Mostly this is done by keeping the soil a more moist and inviting habitat for soil microbes and worms, but also by dropping their leaves which become mulch. 

A guild: kabocha squash, heirloom squash and gourd (on wire) with onions interplanted to keep seedlings safe, along with something else that I don't remember planting, wildflowers, artichoke (under the milk carton for bunny protection), scented geraniums, lavender, borage, orgeano, sweet potatoes (not up yet), cowpeas, fava beans and Swiss chard by a small avocado tree.

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I Went to a Garden Party….

AAUW Garden Tour

Saturday was the AAUW Garden Tour.  What a glorious day.  I expected about a hundred visitors, and made 120 handouts.  Sometime in the early afternoon I guess they ran out, and I didn’t know about it for awhile.  I made 25 more for the last two hours, and have five left.  One of the docents said that some had been turned back in during the morning.  Every couple probably took just one… wow, that’s a lot of people.

I’d been talking to the garden all week, asking the blooming plants to hold that thought for a few more days, and encouraging the nonblooming ones to get a move on.  The plants did what I asked!  There were so many flowers out Saturday, it was amazing.  Heirloom roses, Gideon’s Trumpet, ranunculus, herbs, wildflowers, and waterlilies.  The garden, apparently, also was also all for proof in advertising, as in standing behind the NWF Habitat sign on the front gate.  So many kinds of butterflies and dragonflies were out for the first time this year that people remarked on it.  In the afternoon, there were sightings of a king snake all over the property; I think it had to have been three kingsnakes. One was moved from the refreshment area, but he came back, and then as I was standing by the pond talking to some ladies one came past us.  Another was sighted up in the driveway. Roger sighted a gopher snake.  No one shrieked or complained; either these were hardy people, or the idea that this was a habitat yard made them keep calm.  It also backed up my claims of letting snakes deal with gophers and rodents!  One man spotted a baby bunny under the Withy Hide bench.  By one o’clock, it was funny.  It was as if a button had been pressed to turn the garden on, and all the features were working!  What a glorious day.

Jacob (Aquascape Associates) and Roger (landscape architect) and I answered questions for most of the day; the last four visitors left at four.  So many people asked questions about permaculture, soil, beekeeping, cob ovens and rain catchment that I know that I couldn’t answer everyone’s questions.  Of course there were some who like a tidy, orderly garden, and that is fine.  If everyone came away with some idea how to work with nature rather against it, to use chemicals less, to grow organic food, to repurpose, to compost their kitchen waste and weeds, then what a lot of small ripples of good will come of it.

Thank you to my dear friends who helped prepare the garden so that it looked stunning.  And thank you to the snakes, butterflies, bees, dragonflies, birds, bunnies and who-knows-what-else that came out to perform for the visitors!  And thank you to everyone who visited!  No casualities; all good.

Here are some photos, although my camera doesn’t do the colors justice:

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Catching My First Bee Swarm

Today was warm but very windy, and I was stealing some time to work on trellises I’m building for the passionflower vines (another story for another time, and definitely for the humor section).   The area I was working in was close to my house.  Inside an enclosure for my trashcans there stands a stack of nine extra bee supers (or boxes).  Last year a swarm  moved in and I’ve let them stay since they were so happy (and had so much room!). I have a hive and two empty Top Bar hives down in my specially planted Bee Garden; why should a swarm go there when it can be near trashcans? So today I’m out there trying to unroll a roll of cattle wire without losing a finger, and I hear a loud buzzing.  I looked up to see bees  flying in ever widening circles around the trashcan enclosure.  Normally they are in and out in a straight line (a honey flow) when gathering pollen.  I wondered if they were being attacked or bothered by something because in my mind it is still early in the year.  Then I remembered it is March already!  The hive was swarming.

Can you see the swarm? Right in the middle.

Just before a new queen hatches, the old queen takes a group of bees (depending upon the size of the hive, it could be 20,000 bees) to go find a new home.  First they exit the hive and find a place to rest and reconnoiter.  This is when people see them hanging from trees, underhangs, trashcans, whatever.  Scouts are sent out to find a good place to stay.  Sometimes they will stay where they are, even if it isn’t a good idea, such as the underside of a palm frond which a swarm built comb on for a short time some years ago in my yard.  This swarm mercifully gathered in a guaje tree just opposite the enclosure.

There they are.

I let the wire go and realized how unprepared I was.  I hadn’t completely finished preparing the bars for the top bar hives (so much to do!).  My daughter and I have kept a hive for years. I really wanted that swarm, and although I’ve read about it and watched YouTube videos about it, just haven’t captured a wild swarm myself. I decided to try and get them.

First, I ran inside and rewatched a YouTube vlog on capturing a swarm, just to refresh my memory and boost my confidence.  Then I ran down to the bee garden and prepared a top bar hive.  I moved it to a better location, poured oil in the cups it sits in to keep out ants, and then finished preparing the bars.  I’d serendipitously purchased craft sticks just yesterday ( a special stop at JoAnns), and I rubbed old wax into the grooves to make the craft sticks stick.  Top bar hives have no foundation like Langstroth hives.  The bees are encouraged to build their own comb, using the bit of craft stick hanging down from the bars as a guide.  This is a healthier way to for bees to live when captured.  Then I dropped a few drops of lemongrass oil into the hive; bees really like it and are attracted to it.  I also smeared a little organic honey inside for some instant food.  This sounds so smoothly done, but actually there were a dozen trips between the bee garden at the bottom of the property, the house, the shed and the swarm, all done in a crazed, frantic and nervous sort of way.  A mad woman.  Again I’m grateful for good neighbors.

Top bar hive, with craft sticks waxed onto the underside of a bar.

I suited up in full bee gear.  Many people catch swarms without protective gear, or with just a veil.  When bees swarm they are the least likely to attack because they aren’t defending a hive.  They are clustering around their queen, not wanting to be separated from her.  However, since I now swell up dramatically when stung, I decided to take no chances.

Hi.

Fortunately the bees weren’t high up.  I dragged out a stepladder and found a smallish cardboard box.

Fortunately within easy reach of a stepladder.

Standing on the ladder and shoving the box under the swarm, I shook the branch, knocking the bees into the box.  When I thought I had most of them, I carried the box, full of crawling bees, down to the hive.  I wish I could have taken a photo, but with the thousands of bees in the box I didn’t want to go get the camera and fumble with it with my gloves; I didn’t want to hurt any of the girls and they needed to be relocated before they took flight.  I shook the box into the open top of the hive, and then put the top bar lid on.  There were still bees back on the tree.  I didn’t see the queen, and I really needed to make sure I got her.  I shook in the rest of the bees and then carried them back down to the bee garden.

I shook the cardboard box of bees onto the ramp.

I didn’t want to open the hive again, so I propped a board up to the entrance holes, then shook the box of bees out onto the ramp.  Bees will climb, and climb they did.  I used a bee brush to carefully collect bees that had clung to the outsides of the hive, and dumped them on the ramp, too.  There was quite a traffic jam for awhile.

Traffic jam of bees climbing up the ramp into the opening.

Eventually all the bees were in.  I removed the ramp and cleaned up… not a sting.  Actually, once I first climbed the stepladder I felt and heard the lack of anger in the swarm.  They weren’t making a high-pitched angry buzzing noise.  Tradition has it that you should talk to your bees; make sure to tell them about any change in the household.  So I talked to them as I transported them down to what would hopefully be their new home.  Just before dark I rapped once on the side of the hive and all 10- or 20-thousand of them hummed at me.  If I got the queen and they are happy, then they will stay.  Otherwise they’ll swarm again.  No bees were harmed, and the few left up by the tree wondering where the old queen went were close enough to the old hive to go back, and make their allegiance to the new queen.

Almost all in.

The girls are spraying pheromones to mark their location.

I came inside feeling good about gently relocating them, and had some dark chocolate to settle my nerves! Then I went on to wrangle with the wire and the trellises, which was far more trouble than moving a swarm of bees.

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